AminoBaby

Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common cause of food allergy in infants. It is defined as an immunological reaction to cow's milk proteins accompanied by a series of clinical signs and symptoms. 

In CMPA, sensitisation of the child may occur in the uterus, through milk or milk substitutes taken by the pregnant mother, since allergenic proteins have been identified in the mother’s diet that may sensitise the foetus through the placenta. Sensitisation to dairy proteins can also occur after birth, with early exposure to cow’s milk proteins through infant feeding bottles. Sensitisation may also occur in children exclusively breastfed, since certain allergens received by the mother in the diet may pass into the milk. Even bovine proteins can be transported through the mother's milk.

Following confirmation of the diagnosis of CMPA, the treatment objectives are to eliminate symptoms and to ensure that the diet provides all the nutrients the child needs for development in the early stages of life. This second aspect is particularly important in patients with multiple food allergies. 

According to the current clinical guidelines, the first therapeutic option in most children with CMPA consists of introducing an extensively hydrolysed hypoallergenic formula. 

If the child does not tolerate extensively hydrolysed formulae, which more frequently in children with multiple food or digestive problems, international guidelines that an elemental formula with free amino acids be given, or a vegetal alternative. These elemental formulae would also be indicated as a first-line treatment in infants presenting anaphylactic reactions and in those with severe enteropathies accompanied by a reduction in blood protein values and growth disorders.